Starbucks The Success Of Starbucks - 1080 Words

What factors accounted for the extraordinary success of Starbucks in the early 1990s? What was so compelling about the Starbucks value proposition? What brand image did Starbucks develop during this period? The factors for the extraordinary success of Starbucks is all due to the vision of Howard Schultz. Schultz wanted to change the coffee drinking experience by establishing benefits to create value in the coffee drinking experience. One of his vision was to recreate the coffee culture in Italy where people can come to relax and socialize. Schultz’s idea changed the American people’s perspective and experience of drinking coffee in an inviting environment. Starbuck’s main strategy was to be known as a company owned shop which allowed Starbucks to have a full control of the coffee quality. They work with their suppliers to control the supply chain and enforce their coffee standards to keep the quality high. This strategy resulted in establishing their high brand image for Starbucks. Employees of Starbucks were trained to make the customer service pleasant for customers and that created a welcoming experience which made the customers feel special. Schultz believed tha t happy employees would result in higher customer satisfaction so Starbucks employees are very well paid along with stock options and healthcare benefits. Employee turnover rates are low due to Schultz’s strategy. What was so compelling about the Starbucks value proposition is that customer service and customerShow MoreRelatedStarbucks : Starbucks s Success1409 Words   |  6 Pages Starbucks in Turkey MBA 642 Dr. Pradeep Gopalakrishna June 24, 2015 Jeffrey Allen â€Æ' 1. Has Starbucks has done well in Turkey? What are some of the common growth drivers in terms of consumer characteristics, market characteristics, and entry strategies across USA and Turkey that might account for Starbucks’ success? Starbucks has had some success in Turkey. There are several reasons for its success in both the United States and Turkey related to common growth drivers such as consumer characteristicsRead MoreThe Success of Starbucks808 Words   |  4 PagesThe success of Starbucks Starbucks was born in 1971 as a small coffee shop. With the management of Howard Schultz, Starbucks turned into a business legend and built a kingdom of coffee. It was dominate specialty-coffee brand in North America. By mid-2002, the company was serving 20 million unique consumers in more than 5000 stores all over the world. It developed at a very high speed. The gross profit of the company increased from 730.2 million to 1938.9 million in about 5 years (1998-2002). ItsRead MoreWhat Starbucks The Starbucks Success Story?894 Words   |  4 PagesEsmeralda de los Santos Starbucks 1. 1 What explains the Starbucks success story? 2 The success of Starbucks because Howard Schultz’s opinion of the Starbucks brand. Schultz wants to develop the company s value and inspired of a company which would make the customer the center of its success and would change the coffee drinking experience in the U.S. Starbuck has some factors to make it successful, the first one is the atmosphere, Schultz wants to recreating the Italian coffee culture, the originalRead MoreStarbucks : Innovation For Success1604 Words   |  7 PagesStarbucks FruVe Innovation to Success Coffee is a traditional approach to beginning a day. There is a variety of coffee flavors that can be accompanied by condiments. Starbucks, a United States, based company recognized the complexity of coffee preferences. More recently, Starbucks has expanded their products to include more than breakfast pastry and coffee. For the more sophisticated, adventurous or urbane coffee connoisseur, there are flavorful drinks that can satisfy the diverse tastes ofRead MoreStarbucks s Success Of The Starbucks Coffee Company896 Words   |  4 PagesIt seemed to me that Starbucks had become a craze overnight. All of a sudden, everywhere I turned someone was carrying a cup embellished with the famed green siren. The first Starbucks opened in Seattle, Washington in 1971 as a small store that served mostly coffee and tea. In the year 2000, the company had grown to more than 3,000 cafà ©s. By 2014, the company had more than 20,000 stores open within 67 countries worldwide. In the United States, not only can you buy Starbucks products from local storeRead MoreThe Great Success of Starbucks550 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"Starbucks is known as one of the foremost retailers, roasters, and brands of speciality coffee in the world after working hard in getting succeed.† They are obligated to offering customers the premier quality coffee and the highest coffee familiarity, while functioning in techniques that generate social, environmental, and economic advantages for the society in which they do their business. (Super brands, 2012) Similarly, â€Å"they are functioning and authorization beyond than 8,500 coffee shops inRead MoreThe Amazing Success Of Starbucks1148 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction This research paper will provide Key Aspects into how Starbucks balances both the positive and negative positions in concern to ethical and cultural guidelines. Country and Company examples will be provided. Like the pros and cons of many traditional companies and markets becoming obsolete, constant economic flux, Structure, strategy, technological, cultural US companies are even branching out global. Expanding globally allows U.S. companies to expanding their business into differentRead MoreStarbucks success story2578 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Starbucks Starbucks could be called one of the largest success stories in American history. The company started from humble beginnings and worked its way to the top. Starting from a small building in Pike Place market in Seattle Washington, there are now more than 20,000 locations worldwide. The company’s mission and goals have allowed it to succeed in a fast pace world, and Starbuck’s loyal customers have stuck by their favorite brand through it all. The Starbucks experience is unique from allRead MoreThe Secret of Starbucks’ Success in China1180 Words   |  5 PagesArticle Review and Analysis ----The Secret of Starbucks’ Success in China The current event article I found tells about the successful marketing strategies that the Starbucks Corporation takes to enter into the market of China, and simultaneously the problems and difficulties it has in the process of market expanding. The Starbucks Corporation is the global leader in specialty coffee consumption. Arising almost overnight from a market in Seattle, Washington, the company today provides quality premiumRead MoreStarbucks : A Important Chain Of Success1110 Words   |  5 PagesBesides that, Starbuck realize that the element of human is a very important chain in success in the industry. But they are not start with the top of the human resource but from the bottom one. That is why they have a lot of places to educate for the new employees. According to many survey and research, Starbucks is one of business place have the best customer service. Every time I come to Starbucks, the employees there behave very friendly and helpful. They tried to serve customers wit h the best

The Civil War Was Inevitable - 1399 Words

The American Civil War took place from April 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865. The simple answer is yes: the Civil War was completely inevitable, but there were many events, documents and people before its beginning that certainly had a large bearing on the war itself. The most divisive political issue in the United States in the mid-1800s was the expansion of slavery, and slavery is certainly the common denominator of the events leading up to the Civil War. People from the North were abolitionists, looking to abolish slavery and see those enslaved lead more fruitful lives. It would be incorrect to say that the United States couldn’t have survived without slavery, but slaves certainly played an extremely integral role in the economy and social structure of the South, which is why Southerners may have been so opposed to abolition. The Civil War was inevitable; a result of the aftermath of such events in history as the Compromise of 1850, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Bleeding Kansas, Dred S cott v. Sanford, and the Battle of Fort Sumner, which ultimately began the war. The first important kick-starter to the Civil War was the Compromise of 1850. Henry Clay drafted this document in an attempt to defuse the political disarray between slave states and free states in many different ways. In summary, the document is as follows: â€Å"Resolved, that California ought to be admitted as one of the States of this Union, without an imposition in respect to the exclusion or introduction of slavery†¦Resolved, thatShow MoreRelatedWas The Civil War Inevitable?1724 Words   |  7 Pages WAS THE CIVIL WAR INEVITABLE? Shannon Olivolo History 101: US History I 5 May 2017 The American Civil War was one of the bloodiest and deadly wars in US history, with over two percent of the population dying during war from either disease or injuries (Reilly 2016). One may question why this war was the most deadly in history and could it have been prevented. A vast majority of historians will argue that this war was inevitable due to many precipitating factors, mainly being theRead MoreThe American Civil War Was Inevitable1975 Words   |  8 Pagesitself cannot stand were the words of Abraham Lincoln in a republican convention on June 17,1858 in Illinois. The inevitable debate over slavery, popular sovereignty, the publishing of Uncle Toms Cabin, and Lincolns election would eventually have brothers versus brothers fighting each other in a bloody war. Religion, economics and the lost of power made the civil war an inevitable one. Popular sovereignty is the ideal that people could choose their laws such ideal Lewis Cass first broughtRead MoreWas the American Civil War Inevitable?2559 Words   |  11 PagesWas the American civil war inevitable? The civil war was inevitable, only however, after one key event; the cotton gin made the civil war inevitable. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 was the key element which enabled the south to have sufficient vested interest in their traditional lifestyle in order to feel the need to defend it at all costs even from their Northern countrymen. The core argument of this essay centres around the evidence which clearly defines their being in existence twoRead MoreWas The American Civil War An Inevitable?1390 Words   |  6 PagesSabrina Scovino Was the American Civil War an inevitable consequence of the American Revolution? The American Revolution marked significant changes in the political, social, and economic status of the Americans. For a long, time the lives of the Americans were darkened by the British colonial rule. The British government passed several intolerable Acts. For instance, the Massachusetts Government Act was a restriction to town meetings. As a result, the American opponents began collective actionsRead MoreWhy The Civil War Was Inevitable?2465 Words   |  10 Pages In the 1800s, Northerners and Southerners of America fought in a gruesome war to try to end the argument of slavery once and for all. The newly developed country had fought about it for years in terms of geographical, political, and economical issues. However, by the 1860’s the dispute between the North and South had been narrowed down to a very specific foundation – morality. According to the Merriam- Webster dictionary the definition of morality is â€Å"beliefs about what is right behavior and whatR ead MoreThe American Civil War Was Inevitable Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War was inevitable in many reasons. The economic and industrial evolution was mainly in the North side of the United States while the South was just a cotton kingdom, Slave Empire. Also both were completely opposites of one another when it was about freeing the slaves or hiring more. With many debates there has to be sides that would be separated especially if the president has so much hate from the people. With that being said, since many want opposing ideas, the Civil War becomes muchRead MoreEssay on The American Civil War Was Inevitable1930 Words   |  8 PagesThe Civil War: one of the most pivotal and significant moments in the history of the United States of America. The dividing of a newly birthed nation upon itself - the turmoil created threatened to collapse a unified yearning for independence. A nation once united by the solace of solidarity, once tread on by the tyranny of a motherla nd, once triumphant in a fight for freedom, became segregated by principle. Power and greed fueled a dichotomy between color and people which repercussions lingeredRead MoreThe American Civil War Was Inevitable Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War between the North and South was the result of two cultures that economically, morally, and legally clashed on almost all levels. The steadily growing conflict between the two parts of the union makes it hard to pinpoint the origin or the cause of the resulting war. The conflict arose from a nation thats geographical areas had slowly grown apart in their ideals and also their source of income, which is often the cause of strife between battling regions. This rift driven between the twoRead MoreWas Northern Victory in the Civil War Inevitable? Essay617 Words   |  3 PagesSeveral factors played in to the American Civil War that made it have the outcome that it did. Although the South had better trained officials due to their milit ary school, the North was far more advanced than they. The North had the advantage over the South in several ways. However, the outcome of the Civil War was not inevitable: it was determined as much by human decisions and human willpower as by physical resources, although the Norths resources gave them an edge over the South. The SouthRead More Was Northern Victory in the Civil War Inevitable? Essay609 Words   |  3 Pages Was Northern Victory in the Civil War Inevitable? Several factors played in to the American Civil War that made it have the outcome that it did. Although the South had better trained officials due to their military school, the North was far more advanced than they. The North had the advantage over the South in several ways. However, the outcome of the Civil War was not inevitable: it was determined as much by human decisions and human willpower as by physical resources, although the North’s

Ethnic Diversity Management in Theory and Practice

Question: Discuss about the Ethnic Diversity Management in Theory and Practice. Answer: Introduction Cross cultural correspondence has ended up vital to organizations or an association because of the development of worldwide business activities and technology. This kind of concept includes how individuals from different cultures speak and see their general surroundings. The high-and low-context culture associates to how an employee's thoughts, feelings, opinions and childhood influence can affect the culture. North America and Western Europe are considered to have low-context cultures. This states that organizations in these spots have individualistic and immediate employees who tend to take decisions in light of realities. Many employees need specific notice in contracts and may have issues with trust. Furthermore, multicultural corporate climate will bring diversity because cultural differences will be one of the potential reasons that reduce the effectiveness within teams. Culture is considered to be a society where people to connect with each other and to reach their goal.Each s ociety develop their own set of perception to perform their profession or expertize although their cultural are different. An idea of diversity qualities incorporates acceptance and regard. It develops an understanding that every individual is interesting, and aims to perceive an individual contrasts. Cultural differences inevitably hamper smooth interaction (DiStefano Maznevski, 2000). Furthermore, cultural diversity is associated with business strategy to examine the company/ firm performance there will three different ways to measure it which is return on equity, productivity and performance in the market by using this method can obtain the firm competitive advantages. The relationship between business strategy and the diversity in culture can influence the performance of the firm. For example, diversity councils and business resource group, the councils will have discussion session regularly with business resource group to make sure the program to flow smoothly by encirclement t he similarities and different of people, cultures, and ideas. The council will guide the senior management authorities on companys effort to achieve their diversity goal. Besides that, business resource group provides various opportunities to make some connections with the colleagues who have similar interest and background. Diverse workplace is to help the workers to maximize their excellent potential, and this can be done by providing them with the required tools, opportunity and resources they require to succeed (Crockett, 1999). Demographic changes in workplace composition has combined with globalization market cause the amount of diversity organization to solve this problem. Single-threaded solutions for diversity keeps focus only on recruitment or single-approach techniques of management; such as it requires every employee to take diversity training, and not to create lasting change (KossekLobel, 1996; McMahon, 2006; Thomas, 1990). Diversity administration refers to the proced ure where planning is implemented to promote a positive environment for work where contrasts and likenesses of people are considered, with an objective that all can achieve their potential efficiency and augment their commitments to an organization's vital objectives and targets. The changes must practice effective to sustain diversity in an organizational structure and process. The workforce diversity is developed to advance the accessibility so that the doors are opened for all equally in the workplace. The concept of opportunity for equal rights is vanished so that the organizations can make the most out of the difference from the workforce diversity, as opposed to losing ability which might assist effectiveness and efficiency in the organization. Workforce diversity rose mostly to assist the accessibility equal open doors in the workplace. This opportunity for equal rights, rationality is gone for guaranteeing that associations can make a difference from a diverse workforce as o pposed to lose ability that may help the association to be more efficient and effective. Workforce diversity and the culture of the organization has been regularly said to be responsible for both the positive and the negative evils (Shani and Lau, 2005). Diversity is considered to be an understanding of various cognizant practices that includes arrangement and acknowledgment reliance of societies and mankind; honing shared regard for qualities and making discussions that are not quite the same as our own; knowing that diversity incorporates processes for being able to understand the methods; perceives the individual, group, social, and organized separation helps in managing benefits for a few while maintaining impediments for others; and builds conspiracies crosswise over contrasts with the goal to bring cooperation to kill all types of segregation and differences. The business benefits of workplace diversity have been broadly challenged as far back as the thought was imagined. There is an ongoing debate regarding the fact that whether there is any apparent business benefit (Mulholland, Ozbilgin, Worman, 2005). Literature review According to Rosen and Digh (2001) Globalization, the use of multiculturalism as a high ground can finish these. Diversity aims at offering benefits like imagination, makes confrontation against cases, political favorers, better ideas, and better learning of business sectors. According to Wederspahn M Garry (2002)the cross-border reach on organizations has been changing quickly as far back as two decades. It has now transformed into the demand of the day. These improvements have offered climb to new association that joins individuals and social occasions from different national and hierarchical cultures. Employees should plan to have the ability to effectively handle social pressure According to Dr. Sen GupltaNilanjan and Choudhary Ray Manodip (2002)the approach correspondence and transport, there is culture diffusion. Making versatility towards social assortments has transformed into the need of the hours. Diverse culture values as portrayed by Hofstede investigate as an instrument of reanalyzing authoritative culture and spotlights on relating corporate regard framework prevalent worldwide.According to Singh KManish K Singh and Dutta Andrew (2003)Workforce diversity propose the structure of work units to the extent the cultural or demographic qualities that are striking and commonly critical in the associations among get-together people. Though considered as the area of organization research, the theme of workforce diversity draws from and is relevant to ask about from human science and mind investigate, and political occurrences. According to Thomas (1991) the concept of diversity has a potential beneficial outcome from the programs of diversity management, as it is proved to be more satisfactory on the off chance that it is inclusive, that is, not only arranged towards particular statistic gatherings of representatives. According to Anderson Metcalfe(2003) evaluated the reason for overseeing working environment assorted qualities they suggests that, while there are certain differences in the work environment, there are likewise antagonistic ramifications. According to Saji (2004) Speculations and diversity management systems have been developed and excitedly upheld by making growth in the number of CEOs, preparing authorities, diversity experts and scholastics. According to Carrel et al (2000) Speculations and tools of management for diversity have been produced and also upheld by a developing number of CEOs, preparing masters, diversity experts and scholastics. According Bryan (1999) Diversity often requires that type of culture in an organization where all the representative can look for after their job wants without being subdued by sexual introduction, race, religion, nationality or distinctive factors that could be irrelevant for making execution. According to Michael R, etal diversity is turning out to be increasingly mind boggling, diversity preparing will keep on being a key component of the general diversity procedure for or ganizations to completely harvest the benefits of utilizing a diverse workforce. According to Wheeler (1994) The definition for diversity preparing differs from association to association, and ordinarily the way the association characterizes diversity preparing is vigorously affected by the way the concept of diversity is comprehended in the association. According to Torres and Bruxelles, (1992) regulating contrasting qualities infers enabling the assorted workforce to play out its greatest limit in a reasonable work environment where no one store up has good position or insulation. According to Cascio (1998). An association wants to connect attentiveness toward assorted behaviors to human asset administration choices for enlistment, determination, arrangement, progression arranging, prizes and execution of administration. Evaluation and Analysis Workforce diversity in an organization is refers to the effort made by the organization to comprise all the people within the workforce who are different from majority of the population. The idea of workforce diversity is the inclusion person with disabilities (PWDs) the improvement of technology is to help PWDs to contribute their work toward the organization as well as have the access of employment. According to Metts (2000), exclusion of person with disabilities from employment have caused organizational firm in worldwide total loss of the gross domestic product of USD1.37 trillion to USD1.94 trillion. For the Malaysia economy has estimated to loss USD1.68 billion (Khor2002). Many organization are working out to cover the losses by underutilized labor market of person with disabilities because these people actually have a potential to contribute in workforce. In UK, there some Social Firms UK has been hiring PWDs and in the year 2005, there are 1550 job given by this group, 55% we re held by PWDs (Social Firms 2010). The introduction of the Biwako Millennium Framework for action towards an inclusive to promote the PWDs in Asia and Pacific (Perry2003). Furthermore, a diverse workforce includes a large number of conviction, comprehension methods for review the world, there are several researches that made by Australian Centre for International Business (ACIB) about workforce diversity and showed that diversity able to improve the management quality towards their workers, diversity management axis on strategic thinking and provide creative ideas to overcome the organizational problem. The technique (assorted qualities and something else) should be established according to desire proposed by the human resource, quality, and culture of the organization (Hayes, 1999). Diverse workforce can come with a better quality of solution to overcome a matter because they can cooperate and share their idea among themselves. HRM and diversity management can improve the effecti veness of the worker contribute business strategy to make the organization to a better life, association HRM practice prove that geographical representation in the decision made by HR and minorities in the managerial positions (Kelleberg, Knoke, Marsden and Spaeth 1994; Konrad and Linnehan 1995). The strategies related to human resource management are critical to resolve individual and group related issues. In addition, effective systems makes total concentration on expanding organizational learning, advancement and the adaptability of a workplace to ensure that the administration of diversity is running smoothly. Diversity administration tries to conquer work showcase in view of individual contrast, for example, race and sexual orientation and also class (Horwitz, Bowmaker-Falconer a Searll 1996). Furthermore, diversity administration takes points of interest of the developing social pluralism that outcome from that outcome received from the global business, improvement of world ma rkets, developing workforce versatility, and the expanding awareness of individual contrasts (Lawler1996). Through the strategic deployment of a diverse workforce, organization seeks to enjoy competitive advantage (Storey1995).Shrinking homogeneity in the workforce, it has gotten to be essential for associations to create measure up to circumstances and diversity administration strategies to carry the aptitudes of workers with assorted foundations to ensure the strong and focused position in the commercial center (Gilbert and Ivancevich 2000; Shaw 1993) Social Exchange Theory and workforce relationship The workforce relationship between a worker and their immediate chief will likewise be inspected; this relation is suggested to in SET writing as pioneer part trade (LMX) (Settoon, Bennett, Liden, 1996; Wayne, Shore, Bommer, Tetrick, 2002; Wayne, Shore, Liden, 1997). This type of research looks more in depth towards social interaction and interaction between employees and their organization and also improvement of workforce relationship that strengthen the advancement of resourceful behavior. The rules and regulations of the exchange process of employees usually share in positive exchanges with the employees (Cook, Whitmeyer, 1992; Gefen, Ridings, 2002). Organization wants to provide employees with the information which is essential to develop an organizational mechanism to solve problems (Cross, Parker, Prusak, Borgatti, 2001; Marouf, 2007). Social Exchange Theory recommends that interpersonal trades can be seen from a money saving advantage point of view, like a financial trade, a side from a social trade manages the trading of impalpable social expenses and advantages (regard, respect, companionship and minding) rather than economic increases (Cropanzano, Mitchell, 2005). Manager has their own particular trade association with representatives and they can impact the relationship a worker has with the association, chiefs are a column that backings the social trade structure (TekleabChiaburu, 2010). The hierarchical support is considered to be positive, and observed to be emphatically connected to representative participation (Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison, 1986), Allen and Meyer (1990, p. 1) defined characterized affective organizational duty as "employees enthusiastic connection to, ID, and contribution in the business." Emotionally dedicated representatives are an imperative organizational resource, in that capacity workers have been found to offer numerous advantages to their utilizing organizations. Cropanzano and Mitchell (2005) defines that, alth ough the norm of reciprocity is a principle that is universally accepted (as posited by Gouldner, 1960), how people and different cultures apply reciprocity principles may vary. This concept is becoming of increasing importance for the researchers of the organization (Johns, 2006). Conclusion The impacts of work diversity in the environment can be favorable and unfavorable. Some negative impacts concerned in context incorporate useless clashes, lost efficiency, and trouble to receive agreement ingathering settings. Overseeing diversity in affiliations is based upon the affirmation of essential goals to which agents will submit, for instance, the firms survival (Gentile, 076 Afr. J. Bus. Manage. 1994). Positive effects incorporate a solid information base designed by an assortment of cultural encounters, an in-house asset of cultural trainers and informers, and a more noteworthy inclination for the expansion of business in remote societies. The workplace diversity embraces three different theoretical frameworks for the examination of the conceivable effects of workplace diversity. It is the method to diversity, not the diversity itself which can make determination of the actual positive and negative results (Adler, 1997). In the todays business workplace an effective assoc iation is one where diversity is the standard and not the special case (Lawrence, 2001). The procedure of progress of associations has six phases: rejection; recognition; acknowledgment; gratefulness; esteeming; and usage (Porras, 1991). Chiefs accommodate various objectives, advance in an agent way, and perform when the assets are abundant, and social contrasts are low or surely knew (White, 1999). Diversity activities and connection with changing statistics and social changes gives diversity a setting that increases understanding (Bagshaw, 2004). The management should be setting up conditions which upgrade the workforce differences in their affiliations, and also explains in their frameworks plan on the assorted qualities of the workforce. HR differing qualities administration is put on the prospect of consistency, ordinarily depicted as sensibility or working environment segregation. Most associations don't have compelling differences administration practices that regard and make usage of assorted qualities.Discrimination was the most as often as possible experienced obstruction for tolerating work environment assorted qualities, trailed by partiality and ethnocentrism. Organizations can minimize miscommunication with others and construct associations with various others by executing the accompanying techniques, that is, by giving successfully, working with assorted others, urging companions to feel free in talking about their own sentiments, and teaching representatives about culture. Diversity organization benefits by making a reasonable and safe working environment where everybody can entry to similar open doors and problems. Administration instruments in various workforces must be utilized to instruct everybody about diversity and its issues, including laws and controls Reference Allen R, Dawson G, Wheatley K, White,CS (2004). Diversity Practices: Learning Responses for Modern Organisation, Development and Learning in Organisations: An Int. J. 18 (6): pp.13-15. Goetz (2001), Workforce diversity, available at: https://academic.emporia.edu/smithwil/001fmg456/eja/goetz.html (accessed December 8, 2003), Hartel EJ (2004) Towards a Multicultural World: Identifying Work Systems, Practices and Employee Attitudes that Embrace Diversity, Journal of Australian management, 29 (2): pp.189-200. Kandola R, Fullerton J, Ahmed Y, (1995) Managing diversity: succeeding where equal opportunities has failed, Equal Opportunities Review, 59: 31-36. MaryEaster kand Kenneth (20014). Discrimination inthe workplace:Realor Imagined,Journal of Diversity Management, volume 9 number 2. Michael R., Norbert F., and Robert D. (2000).Strategy for Managing a Diverse and Global Workforce, 6th Edition, Morehead State University, The Dryden Press. Petra Aigner (2014). Ethnic Diversity Management in Theory and Practice, Journal of Diversity Watson WE, Kumar K, Michaelsen L (1993). "Cultural diversitys impact on interaction process and performance: comparing homogeneous and diverse task groups", Academy of Management Journal, 36 (3). pp. 590-602.

To what extent is policy

Introduction Europeanisation may be understood as the development and intensive growth of identity that is specific to the European continent and/or its countries well above other countries and identities within Europe (Bailer et al., 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is policy-making being Europeanised in member states of the European Union specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, with regards to Schneider and Hage (2007 p.312), â€Å"Europeanisation may also refer to the process through which European union political and economic dynamics become part of the organisational logic of national politics and policy making†. Policies such as the agricultural guiding principles seek to boost the production of agricultural products, for instance, milk in all European nations may be considered as good examples of Europeanisation (Riedl 2008). Embracement of the policies means that all nati ons in Europe are committed to work under regionally integrated policy frameworks. The main purpose of this essay is to provide a critical and informed understanding of the concepts and processes that are associated between globalisation and Europeanisation. The paper also aims at to evaluate the impact of globalisation and Europeanisation on governments and public policy. Particular emphasis is placed on the impact of the globalisation and Europeanisation theoretical paradigms on governance, as well as and the development and implementation of public policies, especially in Britain. It is envisioned that, through such analysis and discussion, the extent at which policymaking is being Europeanised within member states of European nations may be determined This essay is organised into two main sections. In the first section, a discussion pertaining to how practices of globalisation interact with governance and public policy will be addressed. This will be followed by a critical analy sis of how practices of Europeanisation are related to governance and public policy. In the second section, the paper investigates the causes and impacts of Europeanisation and globalisation, in an attempt to demonstrate how they reflect on public policy and governance.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Extents to which Policymaking is being Europeanised in Member States of the European Nations Over several decades, the European Union has operated as a single trade block. Such operations were facilitated through the deployment of common trade and economic development policies and governance systems (Borzel, 2002; Boerzel, 1999). An example of this is the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which is regarded as the first (and for many years, the only) redistributive policy of the European Community (EC) (Bache, George and Bulmer, 2008, p.371). One of the key goals of globalisation is to spread the best benchmarks of handling problems across the world. In contrast, the concept of Europeanisation as it applied to the enactment of the CAP, was to integrate policies to ensure that all nations in the European nations become self-sufficient for their food supplies. Thus, among the founding years of the Europeanisation theoretical paradigms for gaining food dependency, agricultural policies yielded success in 1960s. Bache, George, and Bulmer (2008, p.372) support this assertion by further retaliating, â€Å"the success of agriculture sustained the hopes of the advocates of integration during 1960s when it was seen as the start of a process that would lead to other common policies†. Unfortunately, as time progressed, other common policies hardly appeared. The attempts to Europeanise public policies have had severe implications to the economies of some nations in the European Union. For example, the attempts to deploy common EU policies such as environmental p rotection and conservation policies impair the productivity of the nations, which do not have the capacity to treat their industrial effluents in a cost effective way compared to organisations operating in the EU. For a nation, especially in the developing world, to achieve the capacity to respond to the environmental conservations and protection concerns in the degree of the EU, much government expenditure is vital. Similar challenges are also experienced by the EU member states (Borzel 2002).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is policy-making being Europeanised in member states of the European Union specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The question that emerges is how the perspectives of Europeanisation influence the direction taken by respective nations that form the European Union, in terms of public policies and governance approaches. Globalisation, Public Policy, and Governance Government actions are executed in a manner that is consistent with the law. This assertion underlines the significance of public policies within governance, which are important to define. With regards to public policies, Plumper and Schneider (2009, p.67) classify them as â€Å"a principled guide to action, taken by the administrative executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues in a manner that is consistent with law and institutional custom†. Thus, the concept of Europeanisation is an endeavour to instil a custom that binds all EU nations in the approaches of design and implementation of public policies. At an organisational level, governance refers to â€Å"the set of policies, roles, responsibilities, and processes established in an enterprise to guide, direct, and control how the organisation uses technologies to accomplish business goals† (Finkelstein 1995, p.368). However, in the development of public policies, this term is used to refer to particular actions, such as making decisions, which provide the definition of expectations, mechanisms of according power and even ways of verifying performances (Kooiman Jentoft 2009; Sorensen 2006). The effort by the EU in creating integrated policies within various sectors of economies, which are applicable to all the nations that form the EU, is a remarkable measure in ensuring the EU develops collectively through the adoption of effective governance practices. Development of policies that favour the expansion of local markets to promote free flow of agricultural products exclusively within Europe, has not only developed the EU economy over a number of years, but has also facilitated in shaping the EU to become a large marketing entity with a global feel (Dyson 1999: Howell 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In reality, through globalisation, which is safeguarded by strategies to ensure the EU dominates in the trade at global fronts. The shares of global exports rose by 1.2% in 2006 i.e. 40.8% to 42% (Howell, 2009, p.81). This increase was realised amid hefty concerns over continual growth of China and India’s exportation abilities. The net impact of governance and policies that foster enhancement of globalisation and Europeanisation amongst EU member states is boosting the economic growth of the EU. The replica for this outcome is the increased earning for European-based companies. The strategy has truncated into increasing employment rates coupled with incomes among workers in the EU (Bà ¶rzel Risse, 2003; Radaelli, 2008). Most significantly, the EU is an enormous advocate for globalisation. It has worked considerably in establishing policies in its favour. Through the enactment of foreign trade policies, in an effort to make all markets across the globe integrated, the EU ha s managed to establish various relationships with different nations, including those in the developed and the developing world. Having trade linkage with developing nations has resulted in EU consumers benefiting from lower cost imports, which in turn has aided in reducing inflation and increasing net income (Cowles, Caporaso Risse 2001, p.23). Nevertheless, it is important to note that the advantages associated with globalisation are a cause for workers in certain industries to suffer immensely. With Europe at the heart of globalisation, European nations have benefited greatly from the realisation of the merits associated with it Grazino and Vink (2008, p.56) outline that this gain ranges from lower trade barriers, greater opportunities for trade, rapid diffusion of technology to investment. Arguably, policy reforms that encourage the spirit of globalisation have fostered immense flow of services and goods, people, capital, and even technical know-how between Europe and the rest o f the world. With Europe having been well established industrially, this flow has augmented progress and development at an astounding rate, by virtue of the fact that it is able to take advantage of the economies of scale (the advantages that organisations in a nation gain by being large or by having the capacity to produce many products and service). Consequently, prior to the previous decade, when in China and other technologically developing nations posed a threat in terms of global distribution of low-cost manufactured products; the EU has been gaining a great deal from its trade global policies. Such gains include the robust growth of imports, coupled with exports and large investment inflows and outflows (Exadaktylos Radaelli, 2009). Overall, net inflows in labour have generated modest earnings and income amongst European nationals. Europeanisation, Public Policy, and Governance The approach deployed by the EU to realise economic development through engagements and integratio n of trade with other nations, constitutes an important benchmark that is imitated by many other nations. For instance, China understands that, although it has well-established links with other developing nations, in terms of supply of manufactured products, it cannot survive without having a strong market presence in the EU and the US because they form a large market that is dominated by middle class people (Kooiman Jentoft 2009). Middle class people are the highest consumers of industrially mass manufactured products. Throughout the history of the EU, upon adoption of common range of economic policies favouring industrialisation, the EU considers manufacturing as a major way of raising the GDP of all member states. As evidenced by the rapid growth of the industrial capacity of China over the last two decades, China also considers manufacturing a noble mechanism of raising its GDP. Consequently, public policies and governance approaches deployed by China are influenced by the EUâ €™s experience with globalisation as a mechanism of raising GDP. Evidently, this case is an example of theoretical applicability of the concept of Europeanisation. However, the central point of this argument is that some nations make policies, especially those committed to trade growth and development, based on the EU’s ideologies and experiences (Graziano Vink 2008). The concept of Europeanisation is not only applicable to incidences where nations consider the experience of the EU (with integrated public policies) to have yielded success. Failures of some policies also form important benchmarks for avoiding the making of policies that would reflect on challenges that have been experienced in the EU. For instance, the EU embarked on policies that sought to promote milk production by offering subsidies to farmers. This policy was incredibly Europeanised to the extent that all European member states implemented it. While this was a vital strategy in boosting the production of milk products, and hence increasing the level of income to farmers, policies advocating these steps were misplaced (LaBorde 2013). Based on the implication of the policy, Europeanisation of public policy would ensure that nations in their quest of boosting their agricultural output capacities do not repeat such mistakes. From the EU perspective, subsidies on agricultural products, especially by major global giant producers such as the EU and the US, are not received in good faith within the international arena. In this context, LaBorde (2013, Para. 5) believes that the reasons behind high global food prices in 2012 (which has been the case for the five years before this), was caused by a succession of weather-related catastrophes, such as severe drought in the US, Europe and Central Asia. Although the EU and the US are well acquitted with this implication, they have refused to heed to these calls. Rather, they have opted to increase domestic subsidies on agricultural sectors. Su ch strategies have long-term implications on the worldwide food systems, coupled with impairing food securities in the developing nations (Babcock, 2007; Alston, 2008). This move is not a welcomed experience; hence, Europeanisation remains important for nations that do not want to take risks, and are not calculated in the development of production policies. Based on the EU experience, researchers explain that offering subsidies in the agricultural sector results in lowering the costs of production (Westcott Young 2004: Chapman et al. 2006). In the European Union, in the year 2005, dairy products dealers got a financial assistance amounting to $47 billion. This amount ($2.20) was actually more than the wages earned on average by each person in the developing nations. This finding means that EU farmers were able to produce their products relatively cheaper to those outside the EU because of government subsidies. Based on Drabenstott’s (2008) arguments, foreign traders found it difficult to introduce their products into the EU markets because prices of the subsidised products, produced in the EU, were lower than selling price, even for them to break-even. Such subsidies resulted in stimulation and subsequently an over-production of subsidised agricultural sector products within the EU. However, farmers benefited as they were able to place their surplus products in the market in higher quantities. This means that the consumption of the products also increased. The disadvantage of such a policy is realised through curtailing the efforts of farmers operating elsewhere outside the EU. It further highlights a need to engage equally in the global trade for milk products, since non-EU farmers’ products were priced higher relative to those produced in the EU countries. Any nation objecting to such an approach of boosting local production would be borrowing from the EU experience to frame its policies. Put differently, such a nation would be Europeanising i ts public policies and governance principles. Causes and Impacts of Globalisation and Europeanisation on Public Policy and Governance Globalisation is caused by a myriad of factors. Ease of labour mobility is one of such significant cause. The EU nations handle two forms of enhancing labour mobility, which Ahrens et al. (2005, p.220) explain the first one to emanate from the free flow of labour within the borders of countries in the EU. The EU nations also benefit immensely from the low and high skilled labour that flows into it, particularly those that originate from external borders. One of the central visions of globalisation is to foster interaction of different skill levels for individuals from different nations across the globe. With this ease of labour mobility across the EU borders, both internally and externally, it implies that the EU establishes this vision and forms a meeting point for all individuals worldwide. However, while permitting this free flow of labour, policie s relating to immigrations are a necessity and worth enacting. Ratifying such policies does not mean that the EU would obtain the very best on offer within the global workforce. A means for sieving the labour flowing into the EU and out of it is critical. It is in this extent that governance becomes important as a facilitating element for globalisation concerning labour mobility. Aside from labour mobility, other causes of globalisation include the need for organisation information and knowledge sharing, technological transfer and global trade, and other forms of organisational interactions and integrations. For instance, global organisations such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) and World Trade Organisation (WTO) act as incredible causes of globalisation. In the operations of such organisations, different stakeholders are integrated often, thus fostering multicultural interactions of individuals from across the world (Bailer et al., 2008). The single most cause of Europeanisa tion is the need to incorporate European ideologies of economic success into economic policies of nations using the EU as their benchmark (Parsons, 2002). Among the countries that members of the EU, Europeanisation is caused by the need to develop integrated regional policies that would see the EU develop as a single block. In the previous section, it was argued that governance approaches and policies encouraging globalisation and Europeanisation have made nations that adopt the EU experiences and ideologies realise incredible developments. However, the benefits of Europeanisation of public policies, especially on matters involving trade integrations, are shared unevenly. Featherstone and Radaelli (2003, p.59) support this argument by further stating globalisation is regarded as uncertainty and disruption for many Europeans. This argument implies that, while some individuals and organisations profit from globalisation, others have been operating on the losing end. Directly congruent with the above argument, it is imperative to regard the benefits accrued from Europeanisation and globalisation, framing policy developments based on this ideology, gives rise to benefits that are widespread but also diffuse in various ways. Indeed, globalisation can have an immense impact on certain communities and organisations, which can be tangible and quite traumatic (Featherstone Radaelli 2003, p.59).Therefore, globalisation and Europeanisation of some policies would truncate into inflicting and driving economic changes. In addition, coupled with disruptions on Europe and nations adopting similar ideologies in the development of their polices, it can also have implications on causing real and practical costs to certain members of the society. Such costs and changes have given rise to immense ambivalence in Europe, which is characterised by trade of goods and services, as well as people, technology and capital, (Boerzel 1999, p.574). Any nation attempting to Europeanise its p olicies must therefore take into consideration the effects of devising policies that take after the European policies with regards to global integration of nations. From the perspective of investments, Europeanisation has the implication of expanding global investment flow and ties. This impact is made even clearer by considering Howell’s(2009, p.79) argument, who states that Europe has been the primary supplier and recipient of foreign direct investment since 1990. Such an immense economic achievement cannot be realised without proper governance through enactment of various policies that enhance the process of economic integrations and interaction between EU and other nations. In fact, this has enabled the EU to build an intensive linkage networks with nations across the globe. Howell (2009, p.81) argues that between 2000 and 2006, Europe accounted for approximately 64%of global FDI outflows and roughly 50% of global FDI inflows. Consequently, outward FDI stocks possessed by the EU act directly as key boosters of competitive advantage that is gained by organisations in the EU member states through increased profitability. Since Europeanisation entails spreading and adopting EU ideologies as pertaining to design and implementation of governance principles and specific policies for success, it is arguable that Europeanisation has the impact of making nations globally adopt practices that would yield similar economic merits. Conclusion Policies developed by a nation, especially economic policies, are not exempt from the influence of Europeanisation and globalisation. From this theoretical paradigm, this essay argued that policies adopted by various nations, including developing nations, are influenced by the European ideologies and theoretical approaches in design and implementation of public policies. The essay also held that the principles of globalisation embraced by the EU, which have truncated into the immense success of the EU in terms of growth of GDP, also influence policymaking processes of the EU member states coupled with other nations that are not part of the EU. These influences were described by the term Europeanisation. From the analytical discussion presented above, this concept has manifested itself globally to the extent that the EU-integrated policies are used as benchmarks. References Ahrens, J et al. 2005, ‘Deepening integration in an enlarged EU: a club-theoretical perspective’, Journal of European Integration, vol. 27 no.4, pp. 219-227. Alston, J 2008, Lessons from Agricultural Policy Reform in Other Countries: The 2007 Farm Bill and Beyond, American Enterprise Institute, New York. Babcock, B 2007, Money for Nothing: Acreage and Price Impacts of U.S. Commodity Policy for Corn, Soybeans, Wheat, Cotton, and Rice in American Enterprise Institute, The 2007 Farm Bill and Beyond, AEI Press, Washington, D.C. Bache, I, George, S, Bulmer, S 2008, Politics in European Union, Oxford University Press, Oxford . Bailer, S et al. 2008, ‘Oligarchisation, formalisation, adaptation? Linking sociological theory and EU enlargement research’, Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 16 no.1, pp. 162-174. Boerzel, T 1999, ‘Towards Convergence in Europe? Institutional Adaptation to Europeanisation in Germany and Spain’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 37 no.4, pp. 573-596. Bà ¶rzel, T Risse, T 2003, Conceptualising the Domestic Impact of Europe: In K. Featherstone and C Radaelli (eds), The Politics of Europeanisation, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Borzel, T 2002, ‘Pace-setting, foot-dragging, and fence-sitting: member state responses to Europeanisation’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 40 no. 2, pp. 193-214. Chapman, D, Foskett, K, Clarke, M 2006, ‘How Savvy Growers Can Double, or Triple, Subsidy Dollars’, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, vol. 2 no.1, pp. 121-127. Cowles, M., Caporaso, J Risse T 2001, Europeanisation and Dome stic Change, Ithaca, New York. Drabenstott, M 2008, ‘Do Farm Payments Promote Rural Economic Growth?’, The World Economy, vol. 8 no. 1, pp. 57-61. Dyson, K 1999 ‘EMU as Europeanisation: Convergence, Diversity and Contingency’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 38, no.4 pp 645-66. Exadaktylos, T Radaelli, C 2009, ‘Research design in European studies: the case of Europeanisation’ Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 47 no.3, pp. 507-530. Featherstone, K Radaelli, C 2003, The Politics of Europeanisation, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Finkelstein, L 1995, ‘What is global governance?’, Global Governance, vol. 1 no. 2, pp. 367-372. Graziano, P Vink, M 2008, Europeanisation: New Research Agendas, Palgrave MacMillan, Basingstoke, London. Howell, E 2009, Europeanisation, European Integration and Financial Services, Palgrave, London. Howell, K 2000, Discovering the Limits of European Integration: Applying Grounded Theory, Nova S cience Books and Journals, New York. Kooiman, J Jentoft, S 2009, ‘Meta-governance: Values, Norms and Principles, and the Making of Hard Choices’, Public Administration, vol. 87 no. 11, pp. 818-836. LaBorde, D 2013, The hidden cost of US and EU farm subsidies, http://www.ifpri.org/blog/hidden-costs-us-and-eu-farm-subsidies Parsons, C 2002 ‘Showing ideas as causes? The origins of the European Union’, International Organisation, vol. 56 no. 1, pp. 47-84. Plumper, T Schneider, J 2009, ‘The analysis of policy convergence, or: how to chase a black cat in a dark room’, Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 16 no. 7, pp. 67-75. Radaelli, C 2008, ‘Europeanisation: solution or problem?’, European integration journal, vol. 8 no. 16, pp. 212-231. Riedl, B 2008,’ How Farm Subsidies Harm Taxpayers, Consumers, and Farmers’, European Journal of Economics, vol.3 no.2, pp 315-321. Schneider, V Hage, F 2007, ‘Europeanisation and the retreat of the state’, Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 15 no. 1, pp. 311-317. Sorensen, E 2006, ‘Metagovernance: The Changing Role of Politicians in Processes of Democratic Governance’, American Review of Public Administration, vol. 36 no. 7, pp. 98-114. Westcott, P Young, E 2004, U.S. Farm Program Benefits: Links to Planting Decisions and Agricultural Markets, U.S. Department of Agriculture, New York. This essay on To what extent is policy-making being Europeanised in member states of the European Union was written and submitted by user Emmitt G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The voice of Faulkner

The voice of Faulkner Introduction William Faulkner’s writing in three short stories (‘A Rose for Emily’, ‘Barn burning’, and ‘As l lay dying’) is highly emotional, complex, gothic and has an unconventional choice of narrators. These attributes denote two literary elements and they are: language and style. One can analyze those two elements in order to understand William Faulkner’s voice.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The voice of Faulkner specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How Faulkner uses language and style in ‘A Rose for Emily’, ‘Barn burning’ and ‘As I lay dying’ Emotional and poetic language Faulkner has the ability to be intensely emotional in most of his pieces without really sacrificing the story line or the strengths of his characters. In ‘Barn burning’, the author evokes emotions by compressing deep meaning in jus t a few lines. In one scenario, Sarty says ‘Father! Father!’ (Faulkner, As I lay dying 14)These might seem like simple words, but they are packed with meaning. The reader is able to feel a sense of loss, sadness, and a hint of relief as the speaker makes this statement. The author allows his phrases to possess some level of ambiguity in order to give his readers room to interpret or create their own meaning. In ‘As I lay dying’, the author uses one of his characters to convey literary or poetic language. Darl is extremely articulate and his language is quite innovative. Gothic style Faulkner has the ability to bring out elements of death, decay, destruction, isolation and darkness in a unique way. This component in his writings caused him to stand out from his contemporaries. In ‘A rose for Emily’, Faulkner creates an image of a woman who clearly does not belong to her world. She refuses to leave her house for years on end; she stops talking to everyone, has an affair with a disapproved male, and finally murders her lover. Here was a woman who was trapped in the past, and had alienated herself from life. Emily had a lush and beautiful environment outside her house; she never bothered to look at it. She chose to live in darkness, both literally and metaphorically as she never drew her curtains. This depiction of deep darkness was something that Faulkner always focused on; it added a gothic element to his writings and made it distinctive. In ‘As I lay dying’, the author selects a relatively poor family- the Bundrens. Although the group is ignorant and has a series of other weaknesses, the author still conveys their experiences with empathy and grace. The setting of the community in which the Bundrens live has an element of grotesqueness because it focuses on members of the lower class. The death of Addie is also one of the dark and disturbing components of the narration. Additionally, Faulkner describes the des truction of Darl in such a tragic and dignified manner. One cannot help but feel the same devastation that surrounded that development. The gothic style in this narrative is therefore reflective of the author’s preference for dark tales. In ‘Barn burning’, the author’s preference for the bizarre is seen through his choice of characters. This is a dysfunctional family whose head has a need to burn houses. He causes his children to participate in his wrongdoings by instructing them to help him out with a few things.Advertising Looking for critical writing on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It only gets worse for Sarty when the Major chooses to kill his father before he can destroy his barn. Eventually, the young boy keeps running until midnight, when he stops to sit at the crest of a hill. This must be a dark moment in Sarty’s life because he did not have a fathe r anymore, yet he also ran away from people who love him. These are all depressing issues that cause the reader to empathize deeply with Sarty. Complex style Faulkner had a complex style of writing owing to his treated of time, his use of long sentences and unconventional sentence structure, his preference for ambiguity, and his use of stream of unconsciousness. One of the most interesting component’s of Faulkner’s style of writing was his complicated treatment of time. He achieves this by changing from narrator to narrator and from character to character. The lack of chronology in his pieces is the reason why some unseasoned readers find his work difficult to follow. In ‘A rose for Emily’, the story commences with the main character’s death. This is followed by many events that occurred in the modern age to the period just before the Civil war in the South. The present is sometimes interrupted by events in the past and the past sometimes appears to be the present. One is able to deduce this interweaving of events through phrases such as: ‘thirty years before’ or ‘eight years later’ (Faulkner, A rose for Emily 17). It is almost as if Faulkner is giving his audience little pieces of a puzzle that must be put together in order to understand the whole narration. The time movements have been achieved through the use of flashbacks and foreshadows. The end of the story illustrates that the entire piece has been a flashback since it talks about the discovery of the corpse of Homer in Emily’s house. Faulkner did not just choose this non linear approach in order to make his work interesting or to confuse readers; he did it in order to make his readers engage more with the text. As one goes through the story, one is likely to be inspired to compare chronologies with other people so as to detect any possible misreading. In these discussions, one can then analyze the thematic repercussions of those chronol ogies. This unconventional style has a way of making readers more engrained in the narration, and hence more likely to admire his work. The same thing occurs in ‘As I lay dying.’ Although the story spans through a couple of days, the author utilizes the perspectives of several voices in order to bring in a different dimension to the story. Faulkner manages to create a sense of wholeness despite the fragmentary nature of the story. The various sub plots that are added from time to time seem to add more strength to the story. The ambiguity of the narrators requires meticulous analysis of their descriptions because not all of them are credible.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The voice of Faulkner specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Complexity is also created in ‘Barn burning through the use of long sentences. This method has also been employed in ‘As I lay dying’. The long sente nces can make it difficult to follow the narrative, if one does not pay close attention 9Faulkner, as I lay dying 65). He is fond of this style of writing because he wants to capture the action and emotions that his characters are going through. When Sarty starts chasing after de Spain, the author describes this experience using very lengthy sentences. As one reads them, one gets lost in the events of the moment. One can feel the confusion and sense of loss that Sarty is going through using this technique. Faulkner therefore achieves his objective by causing readers to get carried away. Since there is no slowing down in the sentences, there is also no slowing down with the actions being described. Unconventional choice of narrators as an element of style In ‘A rose for Emily’, the writer uses the town as the main voice in the short story. As the story continues, one learns about the habits and values of the people in Emily’s hometown. This narrator does not pre-e mpt anything in the short story. He seems to discover new things along with the audience. For instance, in one scenario, the narrator states that there was an awful smell from Emily’s house, and adds that it occurred as soon as her sweetheart died. He does not provide any correlation between these two components of the tale. It is only until the end of the story that the reader is able to know where the smell came from. The narrator, provides additional information, but still strives to maintain suspense in the story. In ‘Barn burning’, the author picks an omniscient narrator who seems very close to Sarty. The purpose of selecting such a voice was to make the main character get closer to readers. At one point, one feels as though one has entered Sarty’s mind. Since he is someone who understands things through symbols, the writer presented or explained things through such a perspective. For example, when Sarty went to court, he describes the crowd as having ‘a lane of grim faces’. Numerous metaphors have been used, that relate to a child’s perspective. In another instance, he describes his father’s voice as being harsh as tin and lacking heat as tin. However, the author manages to illustrate that Sarty was not in fact the real narrator when Sarty and his family are out camping and his father makes a small fire. It is noted that Abner does not hesitate to create large fires when burning other people’s barns. The narrator muses that had Sarty been older, he would have asked himself why this was the case. The author therefore plays with reader’s minds by providing more than one possibility for the narration. This kind of style was fundamental in providing essential details to the story while providing a mechanism for understanding the main character’s actions.Advertising Looking for critical writing on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Perhaps the most complicated choice of narrators occurred when the author wrote ‘As I lay dying’; there are fifteen narrators in the story and each of the descriptions is highly subjective. Each narrator has his own kind of language and tone. Some of the narrators re confessional and seemingly neutral, but they end up loosing credibility later on. For instance, one of the first ones –Darl is an immensely articulate individual who seems to know what he is talking about. However, he is treated negatively by his family members who eventually take him to an asylum when he goes mad. To Faulkner, truth is debatable and depends upon the individual under consideration. The purpose for choosing such a complex interplay of narrators was to create a platform for adding more information to the story. Instead of depending upon one individual to describe everything, the author decides to use both real and interior monologues that the characters have with themselves and others in order to concretize the story. Objectivity is evasive in ‘As I lay dying’, and this causes readers to think a little bit more intensively about the developments in the story (Blotner 44). Stream of consciousness is also an important part of Faulkner’s complex writing. In ‘As I lay dying’, a number of narrators think about the death of the main character and they do this through continuous internal reflections. The same thing occurs in ‘Barn burning’. Sarty often describes his experiences as if they are flowing right out of his mind. For example, when his father walks in, he first describes what his father is wearing before he realizes that his father is in the house. Conclusion Faulkner was unsparing in his pieces; his words, plot and descriptions were intense and bold. His choice of characters and the lives they lived has grotesque or gothic inclinations. This author’s work was complex because of his sentence structures, his preference for ambiguity and his treatment of time. Lastly, the author’s choice of narrators was unconventional, but meaningful. Together, these components make Faulkner’s language and style exceptional in the literary world. Blotner, Joseph. Faulkner: A biography. NY: Random House, 1984 Faulkner, William. As I Lay Dying: The corrected text. NY: Vintage publishers, 1991. Print Faulkner, William. A rose for Emily. NY: Dramatic publishing, 1983. Print. Faulkner, William. Barn burning. NY: Harper and brothers, 1939. Print.

Earthly vs. Earthy

Earthly vs. Earthy Earthly vs. Earthy Earthly vs. Earthy By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between earthly and earthy? Once upon a time, they were synonymous, but now, though there isn’t exactly a world of difference between the two terms, they have distinct meanings. Earthly is an adjective that refers to life on Earth, as opposed to extraterrestrial or spiritual existence. Earthy, by contrast, though it is superficially similar to earthly in its senses, denotes practicality, simplicity, or roughness, coarseness, or crudeness. Flavor, odor, or texture suggestive of soil, mundane matters and plain styles, and ribald humor are all described as earthy. Synonyms for earthly include earthbound, mundane (itself derived from the Latin word for world), terrestrial and terrene (both the former, a common word, and the latter, rarely employed, are descended from the Latin term for earth), and worldly; these terms, with the exception of earthbound, all relate to nonspiritual matters rather than extraplanetary ones. The noun from which both earthly and earthy developed is itself rich in meaning and has inspired numerous idiomatic phrases, including several that suggest the sense of earthly: Someone described as down to earth is realistic and sensible; a person described as being the salt of the earth is solid and reliable, and an earth mother is one with nurturing qualities, suggesting that she is an extension of the world, which provides all that humans need to live. And if someone says to a friend named Joe, â€Å"Earth to Joe, Earth to Joe,† the expression suggests that Joe is an astronaut in orbit and the speaker is an earthbound person sending a radio message to Joe to remind him that he figuratively needs to return to Earth’s surface and come to his senses. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and FingersTreatment of Words That Include â€Å"Self†

Why Natural Farming is better than Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) Research Paper

Why Natural Farming is better than Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) - Research Paper Example It was an excellent narration to illustrate the various sources of our food that can be had either from industrialized farms which utilizes GMO, to large scale organic farming to hunting (2006). In the same vein, the movie Food Inc by Robert Kenner Food Inc. demonstrates how industrial food makers through the massive use of GMO corn have altered our eating habits. Both the book and movie illustrated that industrial farm factory does not reveal the true cost of our food. While it may initially priced to be cheaper, the true cost is concealed in terms of undermining our health and the environment. This was more vividly illustrated in the movie Food Inc. where corn are also being fed to cows which is now fast becoming as part of our staple food causing us obesity and other health issues. The lethal contamination of E.coli that was induced by cows being in their manure during production was also illustrated with a kid dying just few days after consuming a contaminated burger. In effect, both Pollan’s book The Omnivore’s dilemma: a natural history of four meals and Robert Kenner’s movie Food Inc. illustrated that the source of our food is becoming a factory and is no longer grown the way it used to be. Worst, industrial farm factory and the use of GMOs are even packaged to be a better food source than organic farming (2008). Perhaps it was to illustrate the importance of organic farming over factory farming that uses genetically modified corn that Pollan showed his fascination on a farm where different species can be raised together in a theme of symbiosis (Pollan 126). The grower called himself a â€Å"grass farmer† to demonstrate that grass is the foundation of the intricate food chain. II. The rise of the Genetically Modified Organism agricultural products The debate over organic farming and Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) crop farming is still as intense when GMOs first caught the public attention. Each mode of farming the crop ar e pushing its advantage over the other as a better source of food with GMO gaining wider acceptance because of its putative efficiency in producing the crops. Genetically Modified Organism came to public attention in September of 2000 when the business section of the New York Times ran a frontpage story about an issue in the food supply. A new genetically engineered corn that contains a protein Cry9C which was supposed to be used as an animal feed was found in a nationally sold tacos (Kelso and Takahashi I). Despite of the issue, genetically modified crops have gained wide acceptance in the United States that it now contains more than 40% of soybeans, cotton and corn that is sold in supermarkets (Sakko). Crops have been modified to grow efficiently requiring fewer herbicides with some crops designed to be resistant to insects and pests. There were also crops whose genomes were altered to produce certain vitamins such as the Golden rice which has been said to contain Vitamin A. Genet ic alteration is not only limited to crops but is also used in trees and other animals (Sakko). III. The debate: why natural farming is better than Genetically Modified Organism? The most common reason used by the proponents of Genetically Modified Organism factory farming is that they are cheaper to produce and is a practical option to provide food to people worldwide (Royal Society of Chemistry). They are also said to be efficient because crops can be improved through genetic engineering to become more resistant to pests with an enhanced nutrient value at a lower production cost. Proponents of GMO’s are also highlighting the advantage of genetically improved crops to be more profitable because they can be grown faster. Proponents of organic farming on the other raised the advantages of organically raised foods over genetically